Cardiovascular Essays, 1983-2024

The fourth quarter of life may be considered age 60 to 80. It is a period perhaps to add organization and reflection to present goals. With this consideration in mind, I decided to collect various articles pertaining to cardiovascular medicine, surgery, and history into one volume, excluding purely scientific or patient-specific research studies, which usually involve multiple authors. These articles were written across a 40-year span, from medical student to senior surgeon. No grand expectation attends this publication, but the author will be gratified if a reader profits from a single article, or a single paragraph, or even a single sentence in this volume.